Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) is the founding pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 protein family, exerting its pro-survival function in response to a broad range of apoptotic stimuli through the inhibition of the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) process and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. [show the full text]
Bcl-2 remmers (Bcl-2 Inhibitors)
Overige Apoptosis Inhibitoren
| Cat.nr. | Productnaam | Informatie | Citaties van productgebruik | Productvalidaties |
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| S8048 | ABT-199 (Venetoclax) | Venetoclax (ABT-199, GDC-0199) is een Bcl-2-selectieve remmer met een Ki van <0,01 nM in celvrije assays, >4800-voudig selectiever dan Bcl-xL en Bcl-w, en geen activiteit tegen Mcl-1. Venetoclax induceert naar verluidt celgroeiremming, apoptose, celcyclusarrest en autofagie in triple-negatieve borstkanker MDA-MB-231-cellen. Fase 3. |
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| S1001 | Navitoclax (ABT-263) | Een potente remmer van Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 en Bcl-w met een Ki van ", "0,5 nM, ", "1 nM en ", "1 nM in celvrije assays, Navitoclax (ABT-263) bindt zwakker aan Mcl-1 en A1. Fase 2. |
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| S8383 | S63845 | S63845 is een nieuwe, selectieve MCL-1-remmer met een Kd-waarde van 0,19 nM en heeft geen waarneembare binding aan de andere Bcl-2-leden, Bcl-2 of BCL-XL. |
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| S1002 | ABT-737 | ABT-737 is een BH3-mimetische remmer van Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 en Bcl-w met EC50 van respectievelijk 78,7 nM, 30,3 nM en 197,8 nM in celvrije assays; geen remming waargenomen tegen Mcl-1, Bcl-B of Bfl-1. ABT-737 induceert mitochondriale route-apoptose en Mitophagy. Fase 2. |
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| S7747 | Ro-3306 | RO-3306 is een ATP-competitieve en selectieve CDK1-remmer met een Ki van 20 nM, >15-voudige selectiviteit tegenover een divers panel van humane kinasen. RO-3306 versterkt p53-gemedieerde Bax-activering en mitochondriale apoptose. |
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| S1057 | Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) | Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) is een antagonist van Bcl-2 met een Ki van 0,22 μM in een celvrije assay, en kan helpen bij het overwinnen van MCL-1 gemedieerde resistentie tegen Apoptosis. |
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| S7801 | A-1331852 | A-1331852 is een potente en selectieve BCL-XL-remmer met een Ki-waarde van minder dan 0,01 nM voor BCL-XL en 6 nM, 4 nM, 142 nM voor respectievelijk Bcl-2, Bcl-W, MCL-1. Het kan nuttig zijn bij de behandeling van kanker, immuun- en auto-immuunziekten. |
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| S7790 | A-1210477 | A-1210477 is een potente en selectieve MCL-1 remmer met een Ki en IC50 van respectievelijk 0,454 nM en 26,2 nM, en een >100-voudige selectiviteit ten opzichte van andere Bcl-2 familieleden. |
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| S1121 | TW-37 | TW-37 is een nieuwe niet-peptide remmer van recombinant Bcl-2, Bcl-xL en Mcl-1 met respectievelijk een Ki van 0,29 μM, 1,11 μM en 0,26 μM in celvrije assays. |
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| S7800 | A-1155463 Dihydrochloride | A-1155463 Dihydrochloride, een zeer potente en selectieve BCL-XL-remmer, vertoont een picomolaire bindingsaffiniteit voor BCL-XL, en een >1000-voudig zwakkere binding aan BCL-2 en gerelateerde eiwitten BCL-W (Ki=19 nM) en MCL-1 (Ki>440 nM). |
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Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) is encoded by the Bcl-2 gene and is the first identified member of a large family of apoptosis regulatory proteins (Bcl-2 family) that derives its name from the B-cell lymphoma 2, as it is the second member of a variety of proteins initially described in the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation in human follicular B-cell lymphomas. Bcl-2 contains four Bcl-2 homology domains (BH1-BH4) that mediate the formation of homodimer and heterodimer with relative proteins such as Bax, Bad, Bak and Bcl-xL, and a trans-membrane (TM) domain that mediates insertion into the outer membrane of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Bcl-2 proteins are generally integrated within the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), and may also be in the cytosol or ER membrane. The Bcl-2 and other antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family preserve the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) integrity, thus inhibiting the mitochondrial signaling pathway of apoptosis, by complex interactions with the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins such as Bax, Bak, Bim, Puma and tBid. [1][2]
Bcl-2 suppresses apoptosis in response to a broad range of stress stimuli, including those frequently encountered during tumor development, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, hypoxia (oxygen deprivation), loss of appropriate growth signals and anoikis (loss of cell attachment). In healthy cells, Bax and Bak are kept in check by the pro-survival Bcl-2 family members and the binding of BH3-only proteins unleashes Bax/Bak. Bcl-2 is also critical for the survival of renal epithelial stem cells during embryogenesis, melanocyte progenitors and mature B and T lymphocytes. Bcl-2 over-expression accelerates Eu-myc-induced lymphomagenesis, but loss of endogenous Bcl-2 does not prevent or delay Eu-myc-induced B lymphoma development. Bcl-2 proteins also constitutively binds to Beclin-1, and its dissociation through post-translational modification of Beclin-1 and/or Bcl-2 proteins such as phosphorylation by JNK1, or direct competition for the Bcl-2 BC groove by another BH3-only protein such as Bad, may be sufficient to induce autophagy, leading to the suggestion that autophagy and apoptosis are mechanistically linked. Single-site phosphorylation at Serine 70 (S70) is required for the antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2, and multisite phosphorylation at Threonine 69, S70, and S87 has been reported to inactivate Bcl-2. Phosphorylation of Bcl-2 has been shown to enhance activity to allow response to extracellular growth-factor-mediated signals. [1][2][3]
In addition, Bcl-2 is over-expressed in human follicular centre B-cell lymphoma; high levels of Bcl-2 are also detected in significant numbers of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), DLBCL and mantle cell lymphoma, as well as in certain solid tumours(brain, breast and lung). The upregulation of Bcl-2 in CLL and other cancers has been attributed to the hypo-methylation of the Bcl-2 promoter or, possibly more importantly due to hemizygous or homozygous loss of the micro RNAs (miRs) 15a and 16-1 that negatively regulate Bcl-2. The dysregulated Bcl-2 proteins in cancer can lead to increased survival of abnormal cells, which are thought to be involved in resistance to conventional cancer treatment. Mice that constitutively express both Myc and Bcl-2 transgenes develop lymphoblastic leukaemia with high incidence, while shut-down of the inducible Bcl-2 transgene in lymphoma-burdened bi-transgenic mice results in tumor regression and significantly prolonged animal survival in many cases, indicating that inactivation of Bcl-2 constitutes a promising new approach to cancer therapy. Small molecule mimetics of BH3-only proteins that can directly target pro-survival Bcl-2 family members are being developed as a novel therapeutic approach. ABT-737 and the closely related orally bioavailable ABT-263, belong to the BH3 mimetic small molecule inhibitors, targeting Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-related proteins such as Bcl-xL and Bcl-w, therefore promoting tumor regression in murine xeno-transplanation models of certain human lymphomas or small cell lung carcinomas and in primary patient-derived follicular lymphoma cells. [1][4]
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